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1. Flowers (25 species)
chrysanthemum
Honeysuckle
Flos coltsfoot
Inula flower
Magnolia officinalis
Flos buddleyi
lilac
Safflower flower
cockscomb
rose
Chinese rose
Flos grandiflorum
kapok
Rhododendron sinensis
Flos canadensis
Wild chrysanthemum
Sophora rice (bud)
Flos puerariae
Flos hyacinth
Magnolia officinalis flower
Chlorosepalme
Lonicera japonica
Hibiscus rose
peony
amaranth
2. Whole Grasses (25 species)
Artemisia capillaris
Sweet wormwood
motherwort
Herba siegesbeckiae
Camptotheca officinalis
Eupatorium eupatorium
Eupatorium
Lobelia chinensis
Scutellaria schelleri
Commelina communis
Lysimachia japonica
patchouli
Schizonepeta
Chinese mosla
sinew
lappet
Potentilla chinensis
Potentilla discolor
patrinia
Portulaca oleracea
Euphorbia humifera
agrimony
nightshade
Hedyotis alba
plantain
3. Foliage (20 species)
Folium artemisia argyi
Perilla leaf
Loquat leaf
Folium isatidis
Folium sennae
Apocynum leaf
Lotus leaf
Chinese Holly leaf
Mulberry leaf
Chinese arborvitae leaf
Ginkgo biloba leaf
Shiwei
Epimedium leaves
Perilla cotyledon
Mint leaf
Phyllostachys tenuis
Reed leaf
Hemp leaf (hemp leaf, etc., medicinal in some areas)
Smelly sycamore leaves
Folium callicarpa
### I. Flowers (25 kinds) 1. **Chrysanthemum** - **Source**: The dried capitulum of plants in the Asteraceae family. There are numerous varieties with various colors. - **Functions and Applications**: It has the effects of dispelling wind and clearing heat, calming the liver and improving eyesight, and clearing heat and detoxifying. It is commonly used for wind-heat colds, headache and dizziness, redness and swelling of the eyes, blurred vision, as well as sores and carbuncles. It can be used by making tea or in combination with other herbs in prescriptions. - **Appearance Features**: The flower shapes vary, including single-petal and double-petal forms, with a delicate fragrance. 2. **Honeysuckle** - **Source**: The flower buds or newly opened flowers of Lonicera japonica in the Caprifoliaceae family. - **Functions and Applications**: It has the functions of clearing heat and detoxifying, and dispersing wind-heat. It is often used for exogenous wind-heat, toxic dysentery, etc. - **Appearance Features**: It is in the shape of a rod, thicker at the upper part and thinner at the lower part, with yellow and white colors alternating. 3. **Flos Coltsfoot** - **Source**: The flower buds of Tussilago farfara in the Asteraceae family. - **Functions and Applications**: It can moisten the lung, relieve qi stagnation, relieve cough and resolve phlegm. It has curative effects on respiratory diseases such as cough and asthma. - **Appearance Features**: It is in the shape of a long round stick, with fish-scale-like bracts on the outside. 4. **Inula Flower** - **Source**: The capitulum of Inula japonica in the Asteraceae family. - **Functions and Applications**: It can descend qi, eliminate phlegm, promote water metabolism, and stop vomiting. It is used for excessive phlegm and cough, etc. - **Appearance Features**: It is in the shape of a flat sphere, with bracts arranged in an imbricate manner. 5. **Magnolia Flower Bud (Xinyi)** - **Source**: The flower buds of Magnolia biondii and other plants in the Magnoliaceae family. - **Functions and Applications**: It can dispel wind-cold and open the nasal passages. It can improve symptoms such as nasal congestion and runny nose. - **Appearance Features**: It is in the shape of a brush head or long oval, covered with long soft hairs. 6. **Buddleja Officinalis Flower (Mimeng Hua)** - **Source**: The flower buds and inflorescences of Buddleja officinalis in the Loganiaceae family. - **Functions and Applications**: It has the functions of clearing heat and purging fire, nourishing the liver and improving eyesight, and removing nebula. It is used for eye diseases such as redness and swelling of the eyes. - **Appearance Features**: The inflorescence is in an irregular conical shape, densely covered with fine hairs. 7. **Clove** - **Source**: The flower buds of Syzygium aromaticum in the Myrtaceae family. - **Functions and Applications**: It can warm the middle-jiao and descend adverse qi, and tonify the kidney and assist yang. It can relieve symptoms such as vomiting due to stomach-cold. - **Appearance Features**: It is in the shape of a pestle, with the corolla in a spherical shape and the petals embracing each other. 8. **Safflower** - **Source**: The tubular flowers of Carthamus tinctorius in the Asteraceae family. - **Functions and Applications**: It can promote blood circulation to regulate menstruation and dissipate blood stasis to relieve pain. It is used for amenorrhea, traumatic injuries, etc. - **Appearance Features**: They are red-yellow or red in color, with slender flower tubes. 9. **Cockscomb** - **Source**: The inflorescence of Celosia cristata in the Amaranthaceae family. - **Functions and Applications**: It has the effects of astringing to stop bleeding, arresting leucorrhea, and relieving dysentery. It is used for various bleeding disorders such as hematemesis. - **Appearance Features**: It is in the shape of a cockscomb and has various colors. 10. **Rose** - **Source**: The flower buds of Rosa rugosa in the Rosaceae family. - **Functions and Applications**: It can regulate qi and relieve depression, harmonize blood, and relieve pain. It is used for liver-qi stagnation, etc. - **Appearance Features**: The flower buds are hemispherical or in irregular masses, with wrinkled petals. 11. **Chinese Rose** - **Source**: The dried flower of Rosa chinensis in the Rosaceae family. - **Functions and Applications**: It can clear heat and cool blood. It has certain effects on regulating menstruation and relieving symptoms of blood heat. - **Appearance Features**: It is in the shape of a sphere-like flower, with an oblong receptacle, and the sepals are dark green with pointed tips at the ends, and the petals are arranged in an imbricate manner. 12. **Flos Grandiflorum (Lingxiaohua)** - **Source**: The dried flower of Campsis grandiflora in the Bignoniaceae family. - **Functions and Applications**: It has the effects of relieving cough, resolving phlegm, and calming the nerves. It is used in traditional medicine for cough, excessive phlegm, and restlessness. - **Appearance Features**: It is in the shape of a funnel when intact, with a relatively large size and bright colors. 13. **Kapok (Mumianhua)** - **Source**: The flower of Bombax ceiba in the Malvaceae family. - **Functions and Applications**: It has certain effects on clearing heat and removing dampness. It is sometimes used in the treatment of related disorders in traditional Chinese medicine. - **Appearance Features**: The flower is large, with thick petals, usually red or orange in color. 14. **Rhododendron Sinensis (Nao Yanghua)** - **Source**: The dried flower of Rhododendron molle in the Ericaceae family. - **Functions and Applications**: Due to its toxicity, it should be used with caution. But under appropriate doses and professional guidance, it can be used for relieving pain and expelling wind in some cases. - **Appearance Features**: Several flowers cluster on a common peduncle, often falling off into single flowers, with a trumpet-like shape, gray-yellow to yellow-brown in color, and covered with fine hairs. 15. **Flos Canadensis (Yang Jin Hua)** - **Source**: The dried flower of Datura stramonium in the Solanaceae family. - **Functions and Applications**: It is also a toxic herb. When properly processed and used under strict control, it has effects like relieving cough and relieving spasm. - **Appearance Features**: It is often wrinkled into strips, and when intact, it is in the shape of a trumpet, light yellow or yellow-white in color. 16. **Wild Chrysanthemum** - **Source**: Similar to the common chrysanthemum, it is the dried capitulum of some wild chrysanthemum plants in the Asteraceae family. - **Functions and Applications**: It has strong effects of clearing heat and detoxifying. It is often used to treat inflammation and heat-related disorders in the body, such as boils and sores. - **Appearance Features**: The flower shape is similar to that of the cultivated chrysanthemum but may be relatively smaller and with a wilder appearance. 17. **Sophora Rice (Huaimi, flower bud)** - **Source**: The flower bud of Sophora japonica in the Fabaceae family. - **Functions and Applications**: It has hemostatic and heat-clearing functions. It is used for bleeding disorders and some febrile conditions. - **Appearance Features**: The flower bud is small, oval-shaped, with a yellowish-brown color. 18. **Flos Puerariae (Ge Hua)** - **Source**: The flower of Pueraria lobata in the Fabaceae family. - **Functions and Applications**: It can relieve alcohol intoxication and has certain effects on improving blood circulation in the head and relieving dizziness. - **Appearance Features**: The flower is in an irregular shape, with a light purple or purple color. 19. **Flos Hyacinth (Bian Dou Hua)** - **Source**: The flower of Hyacinthus orientalis in the Liliaceae family. - **Functions and Applications**: It has certain ornamental and potential medicinal values. In some traditional prescriptions, it can be used for regulating qi. - **Appearance Features**: The flower has a bell-shaped corolla, with various bright colors, usually fragrant. 20. **Magnolia Officinalis Flower (Hou Po Hua)** - **Source**: The flower of Magnolia officinalis in the Magnoliaceae family. - **Functions and Applications**: It can regulate qi movement in the body and is beneficial for improving the function of the digestive system and relieving discomfort caused by qi stagnation. - **Appearance Features**: The flower is relatively large, with thick petals, usually white or pale yellow in color, and has a fragrant aroma. 21. **Chlorosepalme (Lü E Mei, Green Calyx Plum)** - **Source**: The flower of Prunus mume with green sepals in the Rosaceae family. - **Functions and Applications**: It has the effect of soothing the liver and regulating qi, and is helpful for emotional and digestive health. - **Appearance Features**: The flower has green sepals that are distinct, with delicate petals, usually white or pink in color. 22. **Lonicera Japonica (Shan Yin Hua)** - **Source**: The dried flower of Lonicera confusa or other related Lonicera species in the Caprifoliaceae family. - **Functions and Applications**: Similar to Honeysuckle (Lonicera japonica), it has functions of clearing heat and detoxifying, and dispersing wind-heat. It is often used for dealing with febrile diseases and toxic conditions. - **Appearance Features**: The flower shape and color are similar to those of Honeysuckle, but there may be some differences in details. 23. **Hibiscus Rose (Fu Rong Hua)** - **Source**: The flower of Hibiscus mutabilis in the Malvaceae family. - **Functions and Applications**: It has certain effects on clearing heat, cooling blood, and detoxifying. It can be used for skin problems and some febrile disorders. - **Appearance Features**: The flower is large, with broad petals, usually pink or red in the morning and fading to a lighter color in the afternoon. 24. **Peony (Mu Dan Hua)** - **Source**: The flower of Paeonia suffruticosa in the Paeoniaceae family. - **Functions and Applications**: It has effects on activating blood circulation, regulating menstruation, and relieving pain. It is also used in some beauty prescriptions. - **Appearance Features**: The flower is large and showy, with multiple layers of petals, available in various colors such as red, pink, and white. 25. **Amaranth (Qian Ri Hong)** - **Source**: The dried flower of Gomphrena globosa in the Amaranthaceae family. - **Functions and Applications**: It has certain effects on clearing heat and detoxifying, and promoting blood circulation. It is sometimes used in traditional medicine for some skin and blood disorders. - **Appearance Features**: The flower is in a spherical shape, with small and dense petals, usually red, purple or white in color. ### II. Whole Grasses (25 kinds) 1. **Artemisia Capillaris (Yin Chen Hao)** - **Source**: The dried young shoots or whole plants of Artemisia capillaris in the Asteraceae family. - **Functions and Applications**: It has the functions of clearing heat and promoting diuresis, relieving jaundice. It is mainly used for jaundice due to damp-heat, and is an important herb for treating liver and gallbladder disorders related to jaundice. - **Appearance Features**: Usually curled into a ball, with a grayish-white or grayish-green color, and the whole plant is densely covered with white fine hairs, feeling soft like velvet. 2. **Sweet Wormwood (Qing Hao)** - **Source**: The dried whole plant of Artememis annua in the Asteraceae family. - **Functions and Applications**: It has the functions of clearing heat and relieving summer heat, and expelling malaria. It is a key herb for the treatment of malaria and also has certain effects on clearing heat in febrile diseases. - **Appearance Features**: The stem is cylindrical, with many branches at the upper part, and the surface is yellow-green or brown-yellow, with longitudinal ridges. 3. **Motherwort (Yi Mu Cao)** - **Source**: The dried whole plant of Leonurus japonicus in the Lamiaceae family. - **Functions and Applications**: It has the functions of promoting blood circulation to regulate menstruation, inducing diuresis to relieve edema, and clearing heat and detoxifying. It is mainly used for irregular menstruation, dysmenorrhea, and postpartum blood stasis, etc. - **Appearance Features**: The stem is square-columnar, with many branches at the upper part, and there are concave longitudinal grooves on all four sides, with a green surface. 4. **Herba Siegesbeckiae (Xi Xian Cao)** - **Source**: The dried whole plant of Siegesbeckia orientalis or other related Siegesbeckia species in the Asteraceae family. - **Functions and Applications**: It has the functions of expelling wind and dampness, and relieving pain. It is used for rheumatic arthralgia, numbness of limbs, and hemiplegia, etc. - **Appearance Features**: The stem is slightly square-columnar, with many branches, and the surface is gray-green, yellow-brown or purple-brown, with longitudinal grooves and fine longitudinal lines. 5. **Camptotheca Officinalis (Mo Han Lian)** - **Source**: The dried whole plant of Eclipta prostrata in the Asteraceae family. - **Functions and Applications**: It has the functions of nourishing the liver and kidney, cooling blood to stop bleeding, and clearing heat and detoxifying. It is used for bleeding due to blood heat, dizziness and tinnitus caused by deficiency of the liver and kidney, etc. - **Appearance Features**: The whole plant is covered with white fine hairs, the stem is cylindrical, with longitudinal ridges, and the leaves are opposite. 6. **Eupatorium Eupatorium (Pei Lan)** - **Source**: The dried whole plant of Eupatorium fortunei in the Asteraceae family. - **Functions and Applications**: It has the functions of resolving dampness and harmonizing the middle-jiao, and relieving summer heat. It is used for dampness obstruction in the middle-jiao, loss of appetite, and summer heat-dampness syndrome, etc. - **Appearance Features**: The stem is cylindrical, with a yellow-brown or yellow-green surface, sometimes with a purple color, and there are obvious nodes and longitudinal ridges. 7. **Eupatorium (Ze Lan)** - **Source**: The dried whole plant of Lycopus lucidus in the Lamiaceae family. - **Functions and Applications**: It has the functions of promoting blood circulation to regulate menstruation, promoting water metabolism to relieve edema, and relieving swelling and pain. It is used for irregular menstruation, postpartum blood stasis, and edema, etc. - **Appearance Features**: The stem is square-columnar, with few branches, and there are shallow longitudinal grooves on all four sides, with a yellow-green or purple surface at the nodes. 8. **Lobelia Chinensis (Ban Bian Lian)** - **Source**: The dried whole plant of Lobelia chinensis in the Campanulaceae family. - **Functions and Applications**: It has the functions of clearing heat and detoxifying, promoting diuresis and reducing swelling. It is used for sores and carbuncles, snake and insect bites, and edema, etc. - **Appearance Features**: It is often tangled into a mass, with small roots that are yellow, and slender lateral fibrous roots. The stem is slender and branched, and the leaves are alternate and without petioles. 9. **Scutellaria Schelleri (Ban Zhi Lian)** - **Source**: The dried whole plant of Scutellaria barbata in the Lamiaceae family. - **Functions and Applications**: It has the functions of clearing heat and detoxifying, promoting blood circulation to dissipate blood stasis, and anti-cancer. It is used for various cancers, as well as sores and carbuncles, etc. - **Appearance Features**: The whole plant is hairless or with sparse hairs on the flower axis, and the leaves are opposite, triangular-ovate or ovate-lanceolate. 10. **Commelina Communis (Ya Zhi Cao)** - **Source**: The dried whole plant of Commelina communis in the Commelinaceae family. - **Functions and Applications**: It has certain effects on clearing heat and promoting diuresis, and relieving swelling. It is used for heat stranguria, edema, and heat-toxic sores, etc. - **Appearance Features**: The stem is cylindrical, fleshy, with many branches, and the lower part is creeping, and roots often grow at the nodes. 11. **Lysimachia Japonica (Jin Qian Cao)** - **Source**: The dried whole plant of Lysimachia christinae in the Primulaceae family. - **Functions and Applications**: It has the functions of clearing heat and promoting diuresis, removing gallstones, and relieving swelling and pain. It is mainly used for urinary calculi, biliary calculi, and swelling and pain due to damp-heat, etc. - **Appearance Features**: It is often tangled into a mass, with or without sparse hairs, and the stem is